The human genome project has revealed a magnitude of information on DNA interactions and sequencing. Under the guidance of James Watson, the initial five years of research carried out on DNA testing focused on the development of physical and genetic maps of the human genome. This would prove to be of immense value for the scientists who are on a look out for disease genes. The project managed to map and sequence of simpler organisms such as fruit fly, yeast and bacteria during initial stages.
Major developments Considerable investments have been made in improving the technology to carry out genome sequencing. The sequence and map data are released on a public domain. The availability of physical and genetic maps helps with successful identification of genes that are responsible for single gene disorders. Human DNA sequencing was then attempted at full swing thereby offering vital insights that can prove to be significantly beneficial for mankind. What does DNA testing reveal? DNA comprises of complex biological instructions that renders each species unique on this planet. This DNA along with the code of instructions is then passed on from the parent organisms to their offspring during reproduction. DNA testing can help map your family tree, solve ancient mysteries through the fossil remains, help you lose weight with effective treatments and can predict your future. Just by using the saliva from the father and blood from the mother, the scientists can predict whether the fetus will have any kind of chromosomal abnormalities that could result in any kind of genetic disorder. The results of DNA testing can tell if an unborn baby would have Down syndrome or not. The researchers are working on expanding the results of human genome studies to prenatal genetic testing further. This can help with the identification of intellectual disabilities and developmental delays. Genetic testing can reveal numerous risk factors that you may have inherited from your parents such as colon or breast cancer. Where is DNA found? In Eukaryotes, DNA is present within nucleus. This is because the cell is quite small. Each molecule of DNA is packed tightly as the cells consist of several DNA molecules within a single cell. This packaged form of DNA is referred to as a chromosome. DNA unwinds during replication. It also unwinds during cell cycles so that the instructions encoded within in can be utilized for making proteins as well as other biological processes. When researchers speak of DNA, they are referring to the DNA present within the nucleus which is often referred to as the nuclear DNA. The complete set of nuclear DNA is referred to as its genome. Humans and other complex organisms consist of DNA in other cell structures such as Mitochondria which help in generating energy needed by the cell. Organisms inherit half of their nuclear DNA from the female parent and the other half from the male parent. The mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the female parent only. Developments in the field of medical science Here are the ten reasons why genome studies matter when it comes to diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Genome studies have already influenced drug labels. The US Food and Drug Administration has already changed medical doses and labeling. The best thing about human genome studies is that it can help you doctor prescribe you the right dose of the right drug. Not everybody can metabolize the same drugs and dosage. Genomics have proven that some medications may not have any effect on you. Human genomic studies have also made it possible for developing modern medical tests better and faster. It has resulted in numerous tests that can diagnose and suggest right dose of medicine for the treatment of the disease. This also eliminates the need for needless therapies. The studies can help in the prevention of illnesses by changing certain behaviors. Simple lifestyle changes can lower the risk of developing diabetes and this is possible due to DNA studies. Human genome studies help you or any of your family find the right treatment for a disease. A genomic scan can reveal an alternative treatment especially if you are resistant to disease. The studies also help in the identification of undiagnosed disease. Genomic analysis can help pin point a person’s inability to produce a specific kind of protein within the body. This study can also help you choose the right foods for your digestive system. It can also be used for tailoring your cancer therapy and in taking the right health decisions. Your genomic information will help your doctors in providing you the most accurate treatment possible.
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